Ghana
A combined view of Ghana's UN General Assembly speeches, treaty commitments, and voting record.
The narrative paragraphs below are AI-generated syntheses of the data shown — the tables and figures themselves come directly from the underlying records, not from the AI.
Compare with another country →Speech history
Ghana's UN General Assembly rhetoric has evolved from procedurally-focused multilateralism in the mid-2000s toward increasingly emotionally-charged and Africa-centered advocacy. Early addresses (2006–2011) emphasized reform and collective security with measured tone, but from 2013 onward speeches grew more personally resonant—particularly the deeply emotional 2013 address responding to terrorism and the 2025 passionate call for African global leadership. While multilateralism scores have remained generally steady, emotional intensity has spiked around 2013, 2015, 2023, and 2025, often paired with pointed critiques of global inequities and calls for UN Security Council reform, suggesting a shift toward more assertive demands for institutional change alongside continental solidarity.
| Session | Multilateralism | Emotional intensity | Concreteness | Self-accountability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2006 | High | Low | Medium | Medium |
| 2009 | Very High | Low | High | Medium |
| 2010 | High | Low | High | Medium |
| 2011 | High | Low | High | High |
| 2013 | Medium | Very High | High | High |
| 2015 | High | Very High | Medium | High |
| 2017 | High | High | Medium | High |
| 2018 | High | High | Medium | Medium |
| 2019 | High | High | Medium | Medium |
| 2021 | Very High | Low | Very High | Medium |
| 2022 | Medium | High | High | Medium |
| 2023 | High | High | Medium | Low |
| 2024 | High | Medium | High | High |
| 2025 | Medium | Very High | Medium | Medium |
Treaty status
Full treaty record →Ghana demonstrates comprehensive engagement with international legal frameworks, having ratified all 24 tracked treaties spanning arms control, environmental protection, human rights, international justice, and trade governance. The breadth of ratification—with particular depth in environmental commitments (15 treaties including the Paris Agreement, Kyoto Protocol, and conventions on hazardous wastes and persistent organic pollutants)—reflects consistent prioritization of climate and sustainability issues. This universal treaty acceptance indicates Ghana's strong institutional orientation toward binding international obligations, consistent with its rhetorical emphasis on multilateral cooperation and reform.
Arms control & security
- Arms Trade TreatyRatified
- Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban TreatyRatified
- Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their DestructionRatified
- Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear WeaponsRatified
Environment & climate
- Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their DisposalRatified
- Convention on Biological DiversityRatified
- Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone LayerRatified
- Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate ChangeRatified
- Minamata Convention on MercuryRatified
- Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone LayerRatified
- Paris AgreementRatified
- Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International TradeRatified
- Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic PollutantsRatified
- United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in AfricaRatified
- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate ChangeRatified
Human rights
- Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or PunishmentRatified
- Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against WomenRatified
- Convention on the Rights of Persons with DisabilitiesRatified
- Convention on the Rights of the ChildRatified
- International Covenant on Civil and Political RightsRatified
International justice
- Rome Statute of the International Criminal CourtRatified
Trade & governance
- United Nations Convention against CorruptionRatified
- United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized CrimeRatified
- United Nations Convention on the Law of the SeaRatified
Voting record
Full voting record →Ghana has voted overwhelmingly in alignment with General Assembly consensus across 5,509 recorded votes, with 4,847 affirmative votes and only 35 dissenting votes, reflecting strong commitment to UN institutional processes. The sole notable dissent on record dates to 1957 regarding Togoland's future under French administration, when Ghana voted against a resolution that achieved 98% support—an historical anomaly rather than a pattern. Ghana's high abstention rate (312 votes) and occasional non-voting instances suggest selective engagement on divisive issues rather than habitual opposition, positioning the country as a reliable consensus-supporter with measured restraint on controversial questions.
Notable dissents from consensus
The future of Togoland under French administration : resolution / adopted by the General Assembly
1957-11-29 · voted N · 98% voted yes
Human development
Full HDI record →Human Development Index: 0.628 (Medium), ranked #143 globally in 2023.
Combines life expectancy, education, and income into one comparable score, 0 to 1. Source: UNDP Human Development Report 2025 — deterministic figures, not AI-generated.
1990–2023